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   GIUSEPPE DEVINCENZI
   that, in 1856, of the 97 132 horse-power employed in the 2 210 English cotton mannfactories, about a tenth was obtained by water; and that, in 1839 the water-power employed exceeded a fìfth. In 1856 there were employed in the English cotton manufactures, as a motive power, fully 1360 000 tons of coals; but the English, before employing coals, turned to account ali the water at their disposai. The Swiss mannfactories are worked almost exclusively by water. There exists, mo-reover, in Italy an immense quantity of water power at present wasted, and we Italians, who are so deficient in fuel, ought most seriously to direct greater attention to the matter.
   The annual And yet England, perhaps, is not the country
   T&w cotton at in the worlcl wh»ch consumes the greatest quan-
   pr«s«nt requi- tity of raw cotton. General Briggs, in a reply
   red in Europe tQ a committee of the House of Commons, gave
   it as his opinion that at least 750 000 000 pounds of cotton must be annually consumed in the East Indies, adding at the same time, that Dr. Wright, wo had the best opportunities of kno-wing the habits of the Indian population, rated the consumption as high as three milliards. But, confining our inquiries to the States of Europe, we would observe that the total consumption of cotton in 1860 was divided as follows:
   Ali the other Europeau States 1130 000
   Te cotton manufactories throughout Europe require, at present, an annual supply of about four millions of bales of cotton, each baie con-taining 400 pounds of the following qualities:
   Great Britain France. . .
   Balee. 2 470 000 630 000
   Total bales 4 230 000